Makeup
Makeup is applied heavily to show the symbolic colors that indicate age, gender, class, and mood. Each actor does their own makeup to allow them to get to know their character better. First they apply oils, and waxes to their face in order to help the makeup stick to their face. They then apply Oshiroi or Onnagata which are used as base layers and are made of rice powder to show different shades of white. Kumador is applied to the muscle of the face with greasepaint and red and black ink is used to outline the lips and eyes to make them pop out more to the audience.